Social Organization Essay Example For Students

Social Organization Essay Swazis are said to have a place with the Nguni individuals who lived in focal Africa andmigrated to southern Africa. They communicate in the Siswati language , a languageearlier spoken by the Nguni gathering of the Bantu family. They appear to have settlein Swaziland around 500 years back. They were then managed by the Britishfrom the mid nineteenth century to mid twentieth century. Swaziland is a government and isruled by King Mswati III. Social Organization The social association in theSwazis resembles some other African clan. The residence is the monetary anddomestic unit of the family. It is going by the Umnumza or headman who is incharge of the family which incorporates his spouses and kids. Children will bringthere spouses to the property and arrangement home inside it while the little girls moveto their parents in law. The inhabitants who live in the residence can likewise be distantrelatives or non wards. Along these lines the quantity of individuals for whom the headmanis mi ndful monetarily ,legitimately and by custom may differ agreeing his statusand riches. A well off headman may have numerous spouses subsequently he has a largenumber of individuals he is liable for. The headman for the most part would partition thelarge property so as to access bigger tracts of cultivable land ordivide factious spouses . The property is arranged by therelationships between its occupants . For the most part in the focal point of the homesteadis the steers pen and grain stockpiling units, which are underground cup shapedpits. Ladies are not permitted access to theories places. The living quarters aregrouped in a half circle with the indlunkuku ( incredible cottage) which is home to themost significant lady in the property , the mother of the headman. In the event that she isdead, at that point a substitute mother is delegated. On the sides are the quarters of thewives ,each with her own resting ,cooking and capacity hovels and encased with areed fence for assurance ag ainst wind . The positioning of spouses isn't unbending butit relies upon the headman and his inclination of wives. the reasonable demarkation ofthe spouses cabins and the way that every one of them own their own nursery land andcattle doesn't delete the way that the headmans moms house is incomparable. The kids lay down with their moms until they are mature enough to remain withtheir fatherly grandma . At that point they are isolated by sex . Developing young ladies stayclose to their mom while young men and unmarried men remain at the edge of thehomestead. Marriage is imperative to Swazis. Organized relationships are regular butare declining as a result of the developing autonomy of the ladies which issupported by western culture. After the lady has been chosen the two familiesstart formal dealings concerning the lady of the hour cost. The lady of the hour cost is paid inorder to get hitched. The lord is a special case to this, he has the option to takeby power any young lady he loves (quoma). The lady of the hour cost is normally dairy cattle .Itdiffers with the status of the ladies, everyday people request 100 while princesses askfor 200 steers or more . The Swazi marriage is a detailed issue. It consistsof numerous strict functions . This also is declining on the grounds that m ost Swazis areChristian changes over and want to get hitched in temples. The lady of the hour is sent fromhome with gift from her predecessors and blessings fro her parents in law. At first shehas to seem hesitant and decay the welcome showings held by herfuture parents in law. she enters the dairy animals pen where she is arguing her siblings torescue her. At long last she acknowledges her confidence and her future relative smearsred muds representing loss of virginity. She is given an infant which delineates herrole as a mother and spouse. As most African clans polygamy is acknowledged andencouraged in the Swazi culture. Polygamy is just rehearsed among Swazis whoare well off and can bolster their spouses. In the Swazi culture the lady primaryrole is to hold up under youngsters. The lucky men gathering can guarantee any kids the womanbears regardless of the organic dad. On the off chance that the lady doesn't bear anychildren arrangement is made for her sister to hold up under kid s for her. The bridesfamily isn't permitted to request any lady of the hour riches for this situation . Althoughdivorces are perceived by the Swazi conventional law they are unprecedented. A womanmay leave her significant other just for ruthless conduct . The families attempt

How the printing press effected the media world essays

How the print machine affected the media world expositions On the off chance that it were not for Johan Gutenbergs creation of the print machine, education would not be the place it is today. That is way the creation of print is viewed as an interchanges upset. One of the angles that will be talked about is the means by which society pre-existed before the print machine and how data was gathered and appropriated all through the networks. Writing was turning into much increasingly well known so the world was prepared for a development that would assist this with requiring for progressively abstract material. A significant perspective is the innovation of john Gutenbergs print machine and what movement occurred after it and what sway it had on Europe and the world. Before paper and print were developed, oral correspondence was the main way data was accumulated and disseminated. Everything from assessment to legislative issues and lawful issues were examined orally. This kind of correspondence was eye to eye and just individuals present could hear the message. Despite the fact that this bound the network together, it didn't permit the network to develop and there were no methods of putting away data with the exception of in the mind, additionally if the network proceeded onward or died so did their chronicled records and information. In any case, not every person was unskilled. The neighborhood clerics were taught and could be utilized for exacting administrations like the composition of wills. The congregation was the main producer of books like lit up original copies (500-1500c), scrolls which were down to earth for discussing education content and codex which were reference books, produced using material or creature skin. These were uncommon as they set aside a long effort to create and sovereigns had them as superficial points of interest (eighth eleventh c) regardless of whether they couldn't understand them, they gave a picture of insight and force. Education was gradually developing however books were as yet costly and set aside a long effort to create. A priest could go through a year or more to recreate one book of scriptures. In 105AD the Chinese had made paper and square printing was brought to the... <!

Blog Archive MBA News HBS Grads Head to Wall Street

Blog Archive MBA News HBS Grads Head to Wall Street The number of Harvard Business School (HBS) grads who take jobs on Wall Street might be an important contrarian financial indicator, according to banking industry analyst Roy Soifer, who was profiled today by  Yahoo! Finance. Soifer follows the percentage of HBS grads who enter finance, and when 30% or more of HBS grads go into what he calls market-sensitive positionshedge funds, investment banking, private equity, etc.he sees this as a long-term “sell” signal. Notably, the class of 2010 saw 31%-32% of graduates taking these types of financial services jobs. Soifer, who has been examining this data for decades, believes this 30% tipping point is important, because business students respond to incentives: when industries are robust and “confident,” they hire aggressively and compete, potentially showing that they are ripe for a fall. Of course, this indicator is not foolproof, especially when it comes to timing. When Soifer saw a rise in the number of Harvard MBAs taking jobs on Wall Street in 2005,  he indicated the market was due for a slowdown, but that trend was not realized until two years later. Share ThisTweet Harvard University (Harvard Business School) News

The Old Man and the Grandson ESL Reading Comprehension

The Old Man and His Grandson by Brothers Grimmfrom Grimms Fairy Tales This reading comprehension includes difficult vocabulary (in bold) defined at the end. There was once a very old man, whose eyes had become dim, his ears dull of hearing, his knees trembled, and when he sat at table he could hardly hold the spoon, and spilt the broth upon the table-cloth or let it run out of his mouth. His son and his sons wife were disgusted at this, so the old grandfather at last had to sit in the corner behind the stove, and they gave him his food in an earthenware bowl, and not even enough of it. And he used to look towards the table with his eyes full of tears. Once, too, his trembling hands could not hold the bowl, and it fell to the ground and broke. The young wife scolded him, but he said nothing and only sighed. Then they brought him a wooden bowl for a few half-pence, out of which he had to eat. They were once sitting thus when the little grandson of four years old began to gather together some bits of wood upon the ground. What are you doing there? asked the father. I am making a little trough, answered the child, for father and mother to eat out of when I am big. The man and his wife looked at each other for a while, and presently began to cry. Then they took the old grandfather to the table, and henceforth always let him eat with them, and likewise said nothing if he did spill a little of anything. Vocabulary eyes had become dim - vision had become weakdull of hearing - hearing had become weaktrembling - shaking slightlybroth - simple soupearthenware - pottery, made of clayto scold - to tell off for doing something badhalf-pence - half of one pence (UK penny)thus - in this mannertrough - an eating area, usually for pigs or cattlehenceforth - from this time onlikewise - in the same way More Grimm Brothers Fairy Tales Reading Comprehensions The Old Man and the GrandsonDoctor KnowallClever GretelOld SultanThe Queen Bee

Cheyanne Jessie - Cold-Blooded Murderer

On August 1, 2015, 25-year-old Cheyanne Jessie of Lakeland, Florida called police to report that her father, Mark Weekly, 50, was missing and her daughter Meredith, 6. She was arrested and charged with their murders less than 24 hours later after their bodies were found decomposing in a neighbors storage shed. Here are the latest developments in the Cheyanne Jessie case. State to Seek Death Penalty in Cheyanne Jessie Case Sept. 9, 2015 - Polk County prosecutors have decided to seek the death penalty in the case of a 25-year-old Florida woman who is charged with killing her father and her daughter. Cheyanne Jessie could face death if convicted of the deaths of her father Mark Weekly and her daughter Meredith. Jessie has been charged with two counts of first-degree murder and one count of tampering with evidence. She is being held without bail. According to Polk County Sheriffs investigators, Jessie took a gun and a knife to her fathers house on July 18 and shot her father and stabbed her daughter. She left the bodies on the floor of the house for four days. Police said she returned to the house July 22, scraped their remains off the floor with a shovel and put them into plastic storage bins, which she later hid in a storage shed that belonged to the landlord, who was on vacation at the time. Prosecutors did not say specifically why they plan to seek the death penalty. Woman Charged With Murder of Her Father and Daughter Aug. 2, 2015 - A 25-year-old Florida woman has been charged with two counts of first-degree murder after she called the police and reported her father and daughter missing. Cheyanne Jessie is accused of killing her 6-year-old daughter Meredith and her 50-year-old father, Mark Weekly. Authorities said the motive for the murders was almost as horrific as the crime itself: the single mother, who works as a cashier at a big-box store, didnt want her daughter interfering with her relationship with a new boyfriend. Nothings more horrific than the murder of a child, except when its done by a parent, and thats what we saw, said Polk County Sheriff Grady Judd at a press conference. Sheriff Judd became emotional as he displayed Jessies mug shot for the media. This is the face and this is the eyes of a cold-blooded murderer, Judd said. She not only murdered them, but left them in the residence for many days until it became painfully evident she had to move them. Judd said Jessie showed no emotion during interviews with investigators and she continued to go to work at a nearby retail store while the bodies of her family members were decomposing. We cant understand in our minds how someone could murder their 6-year-old baby girl and murder their dad, Judd said. But thats exactly what she did and she showed no emotion. Killed on July 18 From evidence found at the crime scene and the storage shed, and from information gained in interviews with the accused, investigators pieced together the following timeline: On July 18, Jessie dropped her daughter off at her fathers house. Either later that day or the following day, she got into an argument with her father over the child and she killed both of them. Does she think shes going to lose this boyfriend, which she desperately wanted, because of her daughter? Judd said. For whatever reason, not only does she take her daughter to her father but ultimately murders both of them. Puts Bodies in Storage Shed Judd said Jessie returned on July 22, four days later, and used a shovel to remove the decomposing bodies from the house into a Chevy SUV. She put the bodies into bags to hide them, something she learned from watching the television show Criminal Minds, she told investigators. She took the bodies to a storage shed about 200 yards from Weeklys house that belonged to his landlord. The landlord was vacationing and out of town. When relatives began to ask questions about the whereabouts of Weekly and Meredith, Jessie began to launch an elaborate missing persons story. She said her father had received a recent diagnosis of cancer and that he ran off to Georgia to spend his remaining months with his granddaughter. Things Dont Smell Right Jessie used her fathers cellphone to text her boyfriend, pretending to be Weekly, saying that he had only a year to live and wanted to spend it with Meredith. In the texts, Weekly granted Jessie and her boyfriend permission to take his house and possessions, but when Jessie reported all of this to the police, they became suspicious immediately. Things dont smell right. Literally. They dont smell right, Judd said. Judd said at Weeklys house there was a foul smell that Jessie tried to blame on rotting meat left in the kitchen sink and on a dead raccoon under the porch. Police were not able to locate the dead animal. What they did find, after getting a search warrant, was slash marks on a blood-soaked couch and a rug covering a bloodstained floor. They also found the bodies in the nearby shed. Claim Self-Defense As the interview continued, Jessies story began to change throughout the day, Judd said. She claimed she acted in self-defense. Jessie told investigators that her father tried to stab her, but she was able to defend herself using martial-arts training that she learned from her new boyfriends father. The man later told police that he had no knowledge of martial arts. She supposedly gets the knife away from her father after hes fighting and slashing at her, and accidentally stabs the 6-year-old, Judd told reporters. None of the evidence supports any of this. Judd said throughout the interview, Jessie did not shed a tear over the deaths of her father and daughter. He said a gun and a knife were used in the murders. Jessie has a previous arrest in another state for assaulting and boyfriend with a knife.

Factors Effecting Employee Motivation - 3755 Words

Factors Affecting Employee Motivation—What Management Needs To Know Abstract Employee motivation plays a critical role in employee performance and productivity. There are many factors that can affect this motivation, both positively and negatively. The purpose of this paper is to explain in detail the underlined factors that affect motivation and to through research provide evidence that will support my belief in how more effective employees are if they have the right motivation to perform. Also showing how motivation can increase performance as well as overall productivity of employees. These things will be key in management and the way they motivate their employees. Factors Affecting Employee Motivation—What Management Needs To Know†¦show more content†¦We as people are guilty of always dreaming of what it would be like if we had more money to be able to do all of the things we can’t afford to do. We look at money as an opportunity for an improved lifestyle. For the employer it is also something that is easy to do because it requires little effort on the part of the manager. Even though pay increases and bonuses would be great and for the easy for the organization to give to increase employee motivation is can have its downfalls. If people are motivated for the opportunity to receive a bonus then this is all that they work for. The problem occurs when that organization is not in a position to be able to give the bonuses any more. Then you end up with a person that is even less motivated than what you probably started with. If money was the only factor motivating the employee and now you take that away now the employee has no reason to do the best possible work because there is not pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. Most likely you now have a very disgruntle employee. Pay increase and promotions can produce the same problems in the end. Pay increases at some point will have to end unless your employees will end up running the organization and taking the job of the management. It is good to promote and give pay increases with those promotions but like bonuses they will have to come to an end sometime. If you are using this for an incentive to do betterShow MoreRelatedEssay about Nokia Research1242 Words   |  5 Pagesin which motivation to work would be an independent variable, moderating variable and dependent variable. Solution - Dependent Variable - A manager observes that motivation to work among the Employees is increased if he increases their working environment, Salary and perks. Independent variable- Performance of employees increased if they are motivated. Moderating Variable- For employees having second source of income/salary, the motivation may or may be a driving factor InterveningRead MoreMotivation, Self And Unconscious Interactions934 Words   |  4 PagesMotivation is literally the desire to do things. 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Recruitment and training are two essential and unavoidable aspects of multinational firms. International businesses have designed their recruitment policies around either selecting Parent country nationals (PCN) also known as home country nationals; a citizen of the country where the multinational resides, host country nationals (HCN) or local people hired by a multinational or third country nationalsRead MoreBackground of Human Resource Management1652 Words   |  7 Pagesand is based on the way people are treated, as the main actor for personnel management, or as a resource part of the company’s strategy for human resource management. Definition ⠝â€" Storey (1994) defines HRM as â€Å"a distinctive approach to employee management which seeks to achieve competitive advantage through the strategic deployment of a highly committed and capable workforce, using an integrated array of cultural, structural and personnel techniques†. ⠝â€" Human resource managementRead MoreThe And Transformational Transactional Organizational Theories Of Leadership1735 Words   |  7 Pagesable to adapt their leadership style to match the goals or the objectives to be accomplished (Luo Liu, 2014). The Vroom-Yetton Decision Participation Contingency Theory is highly a flexible theory with respect to the choices a leader can make in effecting decisions. The range varies from highly dictatorial to democratic (Zaccaro, 2012). In contrast, the Hickson Strategic Contingency Theory de-emphasized personality as a determinant and primarily focused on problem-solving abilities in defining effectiveRead MoreMaintaining A Balance When It Improves Inside A Company Or Corporation976 Words   |  4 Pageswellbeing inside a company, peoples pay or benefits in to be maintain otherwise not even a great leader might help maintain the works content. Benefits and health it is even more important for does works who are employed by a city. T his is because being employee on a city, people expect their benefits to be right on point. However, the budget of this reading was extremely low, leading for city employees to do something about it in order to maintain a budget that would continue to pay for their workers laborRead MoreEffective Management And Leadership Of Employees1424 Words   |  6 Pagesmanage change, solve employee resistance to change, and how to ensure ownership of company’s goals by the employees (Kotter, 1995). 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“ No One Can Be Free Unless He Is Independent. Therefore, the First Active Manifestations of the Child’s Individual Liberty Must Be so Guided That Through This Activity He May Arrive at Independence”. free essay sample

DMT 106 – Language Essay Topic â€Å"Language lies at the root of that transformation of the environment that we call civilisation†. * Dr. Maria Montessori. How is language encouraged in the Montessori prepared environment? Introduction:- A Language differentiates a community from one another but at the same time it also unites and binds people of different background and races together through a common language. Language is required to understand speech and to convey our thoughts, feelings and our wants. It unites individuals and it develops consistently according to the need of their mind. It is through communication that human beings have collaborated with each other to solve common problems and based on written and oral language in particular that each generation has passed on its accumulated wisdom to the next. â€Å"Language, we may say, grow with human thought. †(Maria Montessori, The Absorbent Mind, p109). The process of language and speech development which influences children into social and emotional interaction begins right from birth. The significant time of language development in a child’s life is from birth to six years, which Montessori described as Sensitive Periods. Their primary caretakers during these years are often their parents with whom they interact the most, influence the language development. Thus, home is the first prepared environment where a child is exposed to facial and verbal interaction. The Montessori prepared environment provides this in an appealing and ordered way. The materials in the environment are appealing to a child’s sensitive periods, like language with its nebulae for reading. It is planned and maintained by the directress in such a way that the child is free to educate himself independently and with ease. We like to live in an orderly environment because it ministers to a sense of comfort in us, and aids our efficiency. (Maria Montessori: Her Life and Work by E. M. Standing, P. 125). So the materials provided in classroom are all child sized. Consequently the children learn to manipulate their environment as they attempt to communicate their desires to all individuals around them. The development of four asp ects of language i. e. , Writing, Listening, Reading and Oral expression is achieved through activities which are conducted in a Montessori classroom by the directress. For instance- Writing is developed by encouraging children in correct formation of letters, pincer grip exercises, spelling and grammar. Oral expression is achieved through songs, drama, storytelling, vocabulary building, expressing logical thoughts and ideas. Reading is developed on the bases of sounds of the letters i. e. , phonics, the focus in on meaning, signs of letters or numbers, interpretation while enjoying it. Development of listening ability is achieved through circle time, interactive games, silence game, various sounds  in the environment and music. Literature Review- In the Montessori classroom it is believed that children go through sensitive periods where they are strongly drawn to the development of these particular skills including language. Dr. Maria Montessori developed two main basic concepts that are essentials of her philosophy namely- â€Å"Absorbent Mind† and â€Å"Sensitive Periods†. The first 6 years of age span is divided into 2 three year periods, 0-3 years and 3-6 years. The first 3 years of the child is considered as ‘Unconscious Learning’ and next three years is ‘Conscious Learning’. Both, the intellectual and emotional qualities of the child develop through â€Å"Sensitive Periods†. Each sensitive period motivates child to explore objects and relationships in their environment. According to Maria Montessori- â€Å"Child’s mind is sharper than an adult†. During sensitive period, children easily acquire abilities like language, discrimination of various senses, knowledge of the world, thought process of environment. With this in mind, a Montessori environment has been specially designed to appeal to children right from the age 2. 5, and the sensitive period that they are in. The Montessori learning environment promotes the understanding that children not only learn ‘with’ each other, but ‘from’ each other. There are children of different age groups in one classroom where they interact with each other, which indirectly motivates them to increase their vocabulary- This is known as Vertical Grouping. Mixed age group- eg- three to six, six to nine encourages all children to develop their personalities socially and intellectually at their own pace. Thus this minimises the need for adult’s guidance and intervention. From a teachers perspective learning occurs even in social occasions like snack time and meal time. There is a great sense of community within the Montessori classroom, where children of differing ages work together in an atmosphere of cooperation rather than competitiveness. There is respect for the environment and for the individuals within it, which comes through experience of freedom within the community. â€⠄¢ Dr Maria Montessori (cited in Elizabeth Hainstock, 1986, p. 81 The Essential Montessori). A sense of community allows the children to become confident in their environment and in themselves, using the knowledge and skills they acquire to express their own ideas and creativity. Development related to early literacy skills occurs when young children visit the language area in a Montessori classroom. The materials provide opportunities to get familiar with sounds of the letters with sandpaper cards, moveable alphabet exercises (LMA, SMA), expand vocabulary with wordlists, booklets, secret box, sentence cards and to look carefully and differentiate among objects and pictures. Young children learn by touching, listening and looking, therefore Sandpaper Letters and Moveable alphabets have proven to be effective as it provides sensorial education which lasts longer in a child’s mind. Children trace and feel the shapes of the letters while listening to its sound. This develops reading and writing phonetically. Later, stroking letters on a sand tray can be encouraged to associate the sounds and shapes of letters. Montessori had developed metal insets to assist the development of fine and muscle control, co-ordination, concentration which would later help in formation of letters. It develops pincer grip for fine movement of hand muscle, fingers and writs while using a pencil. Insets for design are direct preparation for writing. The combination of these two, insets and sounds of letters assists children to form words. In relation to the achievement of writing skill a child of 2. 5 to 5 years is in a sensitive period for language and for movement. When the child has had their sensitive period in a progressive way, then emerges the explosion of writing. Writing is taught before reading through the direct and indirect aims of the Montessori Practical Life and Sensorial work. The child learns from simple to more complex exercises. Through practical life exercises, a child is able to use correct fingers in order to hold a pencil. Exercises like screwing and unscrewing nuts and bolts, opening and closing locks and keys, threading and beading, pegging, pouring, self-dressing frames etc indirectly prepares the child for future writing. Using touch boards, knobless cylinder, geometric cabinets etc in sensorial exercises children learn working from left to right. Sound boxes, silence game enhances listening skills which are essential for writing as they will be able to hear the sounds of the letters well and will be able to make a word. Presentation tray displays concept of clockwise and anti-clockwise directions. Once a child has worked with these materials, they move on to more complex exercises for preparations of writing. Young children find matching, sorting amusing from sets of objects like cars and trucks, zoo animals, pictures of various objects. They enjoy learning the names of household tools like in kitchen area, unusual fruits and vegetables, animals and various geometric shapes, to name a few. The names of everyday objects are very useful and most important to the children and they will be thrilled to be able to use them correctly. Thus, Montessori classroom encourage language in different situations. Example- Role Play, Home Corner, Post office, Doctors clinic etc. It encourages descriptive language, children model in pretending play and this introduces them to appropriate words where necessary. The tape recorder corner is a popular attraction as children listen to rhymes, various sounds in the environment, as well as their favourite stories and songs. The use of singing, music, rhymes builds up on skills for good communication. The directress provides opportunity for language rich outdoor environment. Children explore the outdoor world carefully and develop awareness of the environment. Develop thinking skills which requires them to communicate and collect required information from the teachers or from other children. In a Montessori environment children are given the Freedom of Speech. This practise leaves any sort of hesitation behind and children are free to express their thoughts and opinions and improve their creative ideas. Children show enthusiasm and interest in language via books, poetry, rhymes, word games, etc. Therefore, when the directress set up a book corner in a Montessori classroom, the area need to be comfortable for reading the books with appropriate light and setting. It is essential that the books are presented to the child in the right manner. They need to be displayed in an appealing way, easy to access them from the shelf, books should be attractive and also, they should be rotated frequently. However, books can even be included into a child’s day through circle time, individual reading time, project work and drama. Various activities like drama, storytelling can fascinate children even more with the use of other objects like masks, puppets, musical instruments etc. Writing notes/personal experiences, grocery lists, thank you letters, creative thoughts by means of drawings and written stories can begin at a very early age. All this may enhance child’s language acquisition as well. Games such as eye spy encourage the child to listen for specific sounds and build their thinking capability and match them to objects corresponding to these initial sounds. Thus a child is refining their listening skills and perfecting their knowledge. Circle time one of a great activity to built language with practical knowledge. The directress discusses the calendar giving the information about days of the week, months of a year and so on, to the children. Personal experiences are shared among the group and every individual is given a chance to express their thoughts. This gives a good structure to both listening and speaking skills. Language development in children is effected by many factors. At times, this development slows down while a child is learning other new skills such as standing or walking etc. In other words, the energy at this point is being divided into other activities which include over-all development. The amount of exposure of language may also affect the rate of language development. Example- A language taught in Montessori other than mother tongue should be encouraged and practised at home as well till the child is comfortable in speaking a new language. Lack of this practise promotes children to be silent for a long period of time in the classroom. However, a right environment can assist a child to naturally develop language in a multi-cultural society. By merely living and without any conscious effort the individual absorbs from the environment even a complex cultural like language. (Elizabeth G. Hainstock, The Essential Montessori, pg. 81). All individual including the directress, make communication stronger while talking to the children. They should make eye-contact, acknowledge what they say, ask open-ended questions with appropriate tone with slow and clear speech. Children who receive poor response can be affected by the rate of language development. Conclusion- In conclusion, Language is the oral expression of thoughts, which is nurtured by a prepared environment. The purpose of this environment is to make language rich and enjoyable and give an interesting structure of four aspects of language- speaking, reading, writing and listening. Young children are provided with the best literature and non-fictions and real world environment for developing language naturally. Outdoor and Indoor environments provide lots of learning experiences- which are purposeful and has a cycle of activity. The Montessori environment is orderly and structured to simply to enable the child to make independent choices for their learning. Writing preparation is first introduced before reading. In brief, writing helps a child’s physiologically and reading helps him socially†(Montessori, 1983, pg 230). Therefore, a child gradually learns to communicate through language to make his mark in the society. Bibliography- * http://ilovemontessori. com/maria-montessori-quotes/ * http://www. brainyquote. com/quotes/quotes/m/mariamonte391568. html * Maria Montessori (c ited in Elizabeth Hainstock, 1986, p. 81 The Essential Montessori. * Maria Montessori, The Absorbent Mind, pg-109 * Maria Montessori, Discovery of the child, chapter- 15, 16. * Maria Montessori: Her Life and Work, E. M. Standing, Penguin books ltd, pg- 125.

Should Marijuana Be Legalized free essay sample

Still today the debate over the legalization of marijuana in the United States continues. Marijuana is a drug that often smoked in a cigarette or bong. Because this drug is illegal, it is affecting us as individuals and as a country. Many people believe legalizing this â€Å"miracle drug† could be very beneficial to our country, including myself. It is argued that, â€Å"Like sex, alcohol, or cigarettes, marijuana is one of lifes little pleasures for some people† (Should Marijuana Be Legalized under Any Circumstances?). We will write a custom essay sample on Should Marijuana Be Legalized? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If marijuana were legalized our economy would improve, the crime rate would decrease, medical benefits would be seen, and make it possible for the quality and safety of drugs to be regulated. Many people have the wrong idea of what marijuana actually does to the body, assuming it is a more harmful drug than it actually is. But in reality, it is not so bad. â€Å"The drug generally isn’t more harmful than alcohol or tobacco if used in moderation,† but isn’t abuse of any bad substance almost always a problem? (Should Marijuana Be Legalized under Any Circumstances?). Like all drugs, you will suffer harmful consequences to your body if moderation is not used. â€Å"Its low toxicity is responsible for the well-known fact that marijuana has never directly caused a death†. (Legalizing Weed May Benefit Society, Economy)The Washington Post said â€Å"marijuana smoking, even in extreme cases, does not lead to lung cancer, while cigarettes cause 440,000 deaths a year.† (Legalizing Weed May Benefit Society, Economy). Also, most doctors say it is not any more addictive than alcohol or  tobacco. I do not believe it is fair or right that marijuana is illegal while tobacco and alcohol are equally harmful, if not more harmful. Health reasons don’t seem to be the reason it is illegal. So if this drug isn’t considered a major health concern compared to alcohol or tobacco, then why is it illegal? Well, like most things these days, it is a matter of business, this one going back to 1937. It was William Randolph Hearst who fought to make it illegal. Hearst had a strong connection with the timber industry, and when he found that hemp could be made into a paper  better than what he had, he pushed to make marijuana illegal for its harmful effect on users of the drug. With lots of money put into this effort, he made marijuana illegal. (Legalizing Weed May Benefit Society, Economy). So as you can see, it was never given a fair shot at being looked at properly. It was immediately given a bad reputation and since has never been able to become legal. I believe if it hadn’t been pushed to be illegal in that situation, it would be a legal drug right now. It is well known that lack of money does not always stop people from getting the drugs they need. Instead of paying for the drugs, they will steal it. â€Å"Legalization would mean a lower price; thus, related crimes (like theft) would be reduced† (Should Marijuana Be Legalized under Any Circumstances?). The cost of marijuana is higher in price due to the fact that it is illegal, but if it were legal the cost would go down, along with the crime rate in the United States. If legalized, less of government’s money would be spent on trying to stop the people producing this drug. Instead, the money could go to more important things including efforts trying to stop murders, terrorism, sex offenders, and more serious drugs. I believe that this fight against marijuana is unnecessary because it prevents our government from focusing on the more serious issues in the United States. As said by the National Office of Drug Control Policy, â€Å"the government was spending $29 billion annually to prosecute and incarcerate marijuana users.† (Legalizing Weed May Benefit Society, Economy). With that money back in our country’s pocket, a lot of good things could be done. Legalizing this drug would eliminate a good portion of our country’s issues. Many good people in our country may slip up one and for that they have a lifelong criminal record. An example of a slip up could be a one time use of marijuana. â€Å"Drug busts often trap young people in a flawed system that turns them into lifelong criminals.† (Should Marijuana Be Legalized under Any Circumstances?) After a person uses an illegal drug once, often times they find themselves too deep into the illegal system to get out. And after this, there life consists of several crimes trying to get out, one after the other. If marijuana were legalized, I believe we would see less cases where people’s lives are ruined due to the drug world. A legal system wouldn’t  have these terrible results. This drug is very beneficial to the sick. One group of people who could benefit from this is cancer patients. The drug can assist them with chemotherapy. Also, marijuana â€Å"prevents tension and stress that cause sore muscles and or aggitation and high blood pressure† (Marijuana: The Simple, Logical Benefits of Legalization). California has legalized marijuana for medicinal purposes. If California is using a drug to help their sick patients, why doesn’t the rest of the country? A major problem with this illegal drug is that some users become sick due its poor quality. There is no way of having a system to check for quality when it is illegal. Also, suing someone would be out of the question because the drug is illegal. But â€Å"By bringing marijuana into the legitimate business world, you can oversee production and regulate sales.† (Should Marijuana Be Legalized under Any Circumstances?). The fact that this drug is illegal is only making it more dangerous for the users, and these users are going to get the drug if they want it bad enough. In the 1920’s the use of alcohol was banned. This was called the Prohibition of the 1920s. It is well known that this caused serious crimes as booze was being made and sold illegally. The country’s crime rate increased rapidly and many people died for getting involved with this. Later, the United States made alcohol legal, fixing all the problems that had occurred. I can’t help but to imagine the same thing would happen if marijuana was legalized. Right now, California’s number one cash crop is marijuana, which brings in a whopping $14 billion a year. If many lives can be saved, many jobs created, and more money for our government can be earned, I can’t seem to find the reason why this drug isn’t legal yet. (Time to Legalize Marijuana?). Another issue this illegal drug brings to our country is environmental problems. Marijuana is mostly grown by Mexican drug cartels in California. The things involved in this illegal process are â€Å"Hundred KW generators, diesel storage tanks, ATV vehicles and large quantities of animal poison† (Marijuanas Effects: More Than Munchies). These growers are said to put  poison around their fields to kill of any wildlife that may harm the marijuana crops. On the other hand, many people producing marijuana use healthy ways of treating their crops to the best they can. â€Å"†They buy soil in bulk, use rat traps instead of poison, water with timers and drip systems. They have very little physical impact on the land† (Marijuanas Effects: More Than Munchies). It sickens me to think that if this drug were legalized, no one would have any reason to be doing this. Instead, growers would be using proper ways of dealing with the protection of their marijuana because they have no evidence that needs to be hidden. Here in America we take pride in the amount of freedom we have. I believe people should have access to marijuana, which isn’t all that serious of a drug. I understand that this is considered a gateway drug to other drugs. It makes us believe that other drugs can’t be as bad as it seems. It can lead us to more negative choices that ruin our life. But we are given freedoms to make our own decisions, and the government should not try to make this decision for us. Just like tobacco and alcohol, this drug should be legal. As I have already mentioned, the legalization of marijuana is still being debated today, as it has been for many years. To me the answer to this debate is quite obvious. It is hard to ignore the number of positive things for our country that could potentially come out of marijuana becoming legal. Legalizing marijuana would help with the economy, crime rate, heath problems, and our country as a whole. We must consider these endless benefits of legalizing marijuana when deciding whether or not we should legalize it.

Is your house your home essays

Is your house your home essays Your environment and the people you grow up with may be your house but it doesnt necessarily mean it is home to you. Its not your parents or the people you have to live with. The people you live with arent the people that influence who you are; its the people you look up to. Whether they be a teacher, your friends, somebody on T.V. or just a dream. Your parents and your environment can be incredibly abusive whether it be physically or mentally abusive to you, but everybody has there own dream and perceptions of how thing are supposed to be. Children know right from wrong with or without there parents help. There are always outside influences, teachers have a huge impact on a children. Everybody has that one teacher that will always stick out in their head, and not because of the negative effect but the positive impact they had on them and how that teacher reached out to them. Television could have a positive effect in a lot of ways. It has some negative effects, too but theres always something good to. Even though sitting in front of a television all day is not healthy there are a lot of programs that show families and how positive they are. In the past few year I've noticed that the media is starting to put positive messages in there advertising. For example Ive heard stay in school, stop the violence, help one another, and join in your community. All of these young children hear and it does not matter if their parents are wrong in how they have chosen to raise their children. Your families ability to love or not was because they where programmed that way genetically. Environment only triggers whats inside of us, says Jonna K. Heineke. Most people have a place to live and they call it a house but just because you live there doesnt necessarily make it your home. Ive heard many of my older family members and their friends say when they ...

HR Management in the Small Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HR Management in the Small Business - Essay Example In both small and large businesses, the major functions of HR management are recruitment, selection, training, and compensation of employees (Longenecker et al., 2011). However, not all-small businesses are able to have a full functioning HR management system that can handle the above-mentioned activities in formal and efficient ways. As a result, small businesses are forced to choose to either run these activities informally or outsource them to another organization. The small businesses due to their size and level of income are in most cases not able to adapt new technologies that have been developing to improve efficiency in managing human resources. One of such technologies is the Human Resource Management System that can provide information necessary for effective decision-making (Mathis & Jackson, 2011). As a result, small business is forced to employ the outdated method of decision making which can be inefficient in our current era. Another reason that makes small business not to use such technologies is that they do not prioritize the management of human resources. Majorities of the small businesses are not able to maintain an HR department with fully qualified HR professionals necessary for effective and formal HR management. In such organizations, the owner of the business or a clerical employee who is employed to do so carries out the HR roles. Moreover, in case of new employees who are hired, the supervisors and managers do the recruiting, selecting and training (Mathis & Jackson, 2011). Due to the limitation in the HR knowledge of the people tasked with HR management mandate in small businesses, it is always found out that in most cases they fail to meet standards required. Some of these HR activities are time consuming and, thus, they largely reduce the time the people assigned to undertake them have to focus on their main role in the business. Most of these small businesses decide to outsource most of their HR activities to another organization. The outsourcing process means that a business contracts or hires another business or organization to undertake certain activities in the business on its behalf (Mathis & Jackson, 2011). The outsourced activities might be recruiting, selecting and training of employees as well as managing its HR records and employees compensations. In such a case, this helps the people involved in running the business to focus mainly on their area of specialization and, thus, makes them to be more efficient in their roles. Furthermore, it enables the business to acquire services of HR specialist in undertaking its HR activities that can result in more efficiency despite their size. The major reason why most of the small business chooses not to have an HR department to handle HR activities and issues is the relatively low interest in human resource management in their different stages of operation (Cornelius, 2001). In most cases, it is very difficult to convince a manager or owner about the fundament al contributions of an HR department in the success of their business. This makes them not to prioritize it and most of them only plan to introduce them when their businesses grow to become large corporate. However, these individuals should be convinced about the role that properly managed human resources can play in resolving their

Project Management The effectiveness of the plans Essay

Project Management The effectiveness of the plans - Essay Example Project management is the planning, organizing, directing and controlling of company resources for a relatively short-term objective that has been established to complete specific goals and objectives. For planning and organizing the resources, Program evaluation and review technique(PERT) and Critical Path Method (CPM) are widely used techniques for better planning and control in project management. It forms the basis for all planning and predicting and these techniques provide the management with the ability to plan for the best possible use of resources to achieve a goal within the stipulated time and allotted budget. These techniques which were used for defense during the World War II, are now used by business managers across the world to get a visibility of the activities involved in the project so that repetition of activities is reduced. It helps the management to handle the uncertainties involved in the program by analyzing how much time is required for each activity and which activity is crucial for the timely completion of the project. It is useful for the management to collect all the relevant information for making decisions. The major deficiency of other methods such as the Gantt, milestone or bubble chart is the inability to show the interdependencies between event s and activities, which is overcome in the network analysis. The foremost advantage of PERT is that it requires planning in detail to create a network of activities. Network development and critical path analysis reveal interdependencies and problem areas that are not very clear if other methods are used. The technique lays its focus on determining where the greatest effort should be made for a project to stay on schedule. The next greatest advantage of network analysis is that the business manager can know about the probability of meeting specified deadlines by development of alternative plans. Another advantage of this analysis is that we can evaluate the effect of changes in the program. For example this technique can evaluate the effect of contemplated shift of resources from the less critical activities to the activities that are identified as probable bottlenecks. Thus resources and performance tradeoffs can be evaluated. This analysis also helps to present even the most complicated data into a diagram which can be presented to the custo mer/ management which makes the understanding and decision making easier. The network diagram and the calculation of total float is shown in the appendix - 1 and 2 respectively. The total project duration is 73 days and the critical path for the project includes the activities A, B, I, J, L, M, N, O, P, R. If the project starts on May 5th, 2008, the earliest date it will be completed is 13th August, 2008 if it is assumed that there are 5 days working in every week. From the analysis, we can say that when there is a 4 day delay during Q or E, there will not be any change because these activities are not a part of the critical path. When activity P is finished one day in advance, then the whole project will

Reading assignment Essay Example for Free

Reading assignment Essay The common house mouse, Mus musculus, is a model organism for human diseases. As such, it has been recently utilized in QTL mapping to see which genes may contribute disproportionately to disease states. Unfortunately, because of its high rate of inbreeding and bottleneck effect when it was first developed as a model organism, it displays a high level of linkage disequilibrium such that QTLs can span 20-40 cM, containing hundreds of genes. This is a problem on two levels: One, while this resolution is great relative to the â€Å"double crossovers† of Morgan’s flies, it leaves much to be desired in terms of quickly discovering traits that contribute to disease states. Two, using inbred lines such as mouse decreases verisimilitude—we’re trying to see how diseases work in humans, we should use animals with same genetic variance as humans. This is especially relevant because mice colonized the world with humans, and as such may show similar patterns of gene evolution and population structure. These authors found that QTL maps can be made to the resolution of 1 cM (about 100 kB in M. musculus) by using the wild conspecifics of these lab mice. In doing so, they also found that wild mice have much lower rates of LD, comparable to humans. They do show a lot of homozygosity, which the authors attribute to some inbreeding and previous bottlenecks. The authors suggest that using wild mice to develop finer mapping resolution for QTLs, especially because they can use the same SNPs that they use for laboratory mice. That is to say, we can use the same tools available to us in lab mice on wild mice for experiments more relevant to populations of humans, as opposed to individuals. Questions: 1) Wild mice have a lot of homozygosity. Would wild mouse populations (new world field mice, etc. ) show less homozygosity, and can we use them in these experiments when homozygosity somehow impedes the resolution of the mapping? 2) The text keeps saying that African populations are in a state of high linkage disequilibrium, and I’m assuming it is because they are in reproductive isolation. If mice are commensal with Africans as they are with other human populations, do they exhibit the same LD? Can we then use them as a model to look at disease states and disease traits in Africans?

Letter From Birmingham Jail Essay -- Papers

Letter From Birmingham Jail The American civil rights movement through the 1950's and 60's was a turning point for our country as a whole. Probably the most influential leader of that time was Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. King became a leader because of his ability to captivate crowds with his powerful speeches. One of the most important letters he wrote was while he was incarcerated in Birmingham, Alabama. The letter was to eight fellow clergymen that were from Alabama. The "Letter From Birmingham Jail" was in response to some criticism from the clergymen. King calmly tries to state his purpose for his crusade for civil rights in the south. He uses three rhetorical strategies in his letter like: facts, allusions, and questions to inform the clergymen about what he and his people are dealing with as a whole "Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere" said King in his letter (page 317). King asks his readers questions about him and his people's actions and then answers them in an intelligent and strong willed manner. He asks, "Why direct action? Why sit-ins, marches, and so forth? Isn't negotiation a better path?" (page 318). King asked the questions that the clergymen would have asked him. By asking those questions, then he can answer the questions that are main points in his letter that clarify some of the actions that have been enforced in the south. This was a strong rhetorical strategy for King to persuade ... ...tegies such as facts, allusions, and questions almost as perfectly as can be used in a letter. He made his reasons concise and straight to the point. Do I think he could have written a better letter? Not at all, that was the best letter I have ever seen in my life. Martin Luther King Jr. was a well educated man of great promise a couple more years. This letter was an excellent account of his powerful words that he can produce and a good example of his extreme intelligence. I am going to leave you a question to think about. How could the country as a whole have been different with Martin Luther King Jr. around this world a couple years longer? Bibliography: The Dolphin Reader- Lee Sulton 1997

Did Racism Precede Slavery?

ESSAY There have been debates among scholars over whether racism preceded slavery or vice versa. Present an argument on this question using course materials (lectures, readings, film) While some argue that racism preceded slavery, I firmly believe that racism did not precede slavery. Before examining the reasons behind my opinion, it is important to note how race feeds into racism, and how slavery then latches on to racism. Race is a socially constructed idea through which a hierarchy largely stemming from the fairness of skin color is formed.As a result, different racial groups are formed with the White race occupying the top position of this hierarchy. Because of this skin-color based hierarchy, White people developed a sense of superiority and dominance over the Black people who lie at the bottom of this hierarchy. This perception of being superior and dominant over another race based on this hierarchy is racism. A connection between slavery and racism can then be formed when the White elites decide to only enslave the Black people when they feel their dominance and superiority is jeopardized in one way or the other.Therefore, the components of racism and slavery together form racialized slavery. Holistically speaking, a three-part system involving race, racism and slavery is effectively formed. While keeping components of this system in mind, it is also necessary to consider how money, productivity and social relations influence my view. When British settlers entered the New World, among their priorities was to hire relatively inexpensive slave labor to generate profits for them. While the freely available, local Native Americans were auditioned, the White settlers realized they had to look elsewhere.Native Americans died via diseases contracted by White settlers, and as a result were neither fully adaptable to slave labor nor productive. Instead, White settlers turned to indentured servitude. As discussed in lecture, indentured servitude saw White settlers import fellow British people and ordered them to work like slaves on cheap, 5-7 year contracts. However, this method of labor was not entirely successful since indentured servants too contracted diseases from settlers and died in numbers, while settlers also couldn’t dictate work conditions once their contracts expired.At this point, the frustrated White settlers wanted to bring in a people on whom they could place unlimited workloads to maximize productivity. This was when the British settlers turned to the African market. While the first British colonialists arrived in 1607, the first Africans were not brought in until 1619. (Week 3 powerpoint, â€Å"slavery-1†, slide 7) It is thus wrong to say that racism prompted and preceded the enslavement of Africans, since it was instead the failure of the Native Americans along with high mortality rates and contract laws of indentured servants that preceded and induced the enslavement of Africans.Moreover, the desire to becom e wealthier, not racism, convinced White settlers to enslave Africans. After failing with indentured servitude, White settlers imported Africans in pursuit of maximizing productivity and consequently receiving higher profits. As we discussed in class, planters in Virginia were aware of the rewards they could reap by enslaving Africans. Unlike the indentured servants contracts that limited the duration of work summoned by White settlers, enslaving Africans meant that planters could put no limits on the amount of work and time they ordered of them.Therefore, the more work you assign to slaves for much longer periods, the more productivity you get, and the more money your plantation gets you. On top of this though, planters also wanted more slaves to increase the supply of money they ultimately received. Accordingly, â€Å"state laws adopted the principle of partus sequitur ventrem- the child follows the condition of the mother regardless of the race of the father. † (Cannon, 19 93, p. 415) Thanks to this law, enslaved mothers gave birth to enslaved children who went on to become extra pairs of hands on plantations.In the case of children being enslaved because of their enslaved mothers, racism once again does not precede slavery. Since child enslavement holds â€Å"regardless of the race of the father†, (Cannon, 1993, p. 415) it is the mother’s status as a slave and not race that precedes and assigns the same title to her children. White settlers wanted enslavement to be cyclical, and it is for this reason why enslaved women were valuable; they produced and reproduced. Although African enslavement eventually became slavery as torture only applicable to Africans, racism does not precede slavery here.As more Africans were imported for enslavement purposes, the White elites’ fears exacerbated. Even though African enslavement was the principal answer to increased wealth for White planters, indentured servitude was not extinct. Friendships between Africans and lower-class Whites existed, and the White elites were concerned these alliances would undermine their summoning powers and provoke a class insurrection. It was at this juncture in 1660 that racialized slavery in Virginia (Week 3 powerpoint, â€Å"slavery-1†, slide 7), a product of components in the system, was only specific to the Africans.Not only did racialized slavery prevent a class conflict between Whites, but also brought racism to the fore. As a system component in this case, racism is a perception of superiority and dominance from the White elites’ to the Africans. Hence, racialized slavery again supports my view since it was the enslavement of Africans and their interactions with lower-class Whites that preceded and incited racism. One can easily get confused by racism and slavery, and claim that slavery would never have occurred without an onslaught of racism.However, the series of events involving White settlers, Native Americans, indent ured servants and imported Africans are most logical when we argue that racism did not precede slavery. If the White settlers were racists ever since they arrived in the New World, indentured servitude would never have existed. Without the interaction of Africans and lower-class Whites, racialized slavery would not have been legitimatized, and Black people would not have been historically associated with slavery the most.

Important Acts for Americans with Disabilities and Immigration Reform - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 778 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Immigration Reform Essay Did you like this example? American with disabilities struggled to fit into society before the 1990s. Section 504 of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act. Of 1973, banned any discrimination toward any person because of race, ethnicity, and/or sexual based, but it didnt specifically speak for Americans with disabilities in particular (Mayerson, 1992). It wasnt until almost 17 years later that the American Disabilities Act (or ADA) became a law in 1990 (Thompson, 2015). This Act marked one of the first civil rights laws that addressed the needs of people in American with disabilities. According to Thompson, author for the JAMA Network, more that 50 million Americans with disabilities in American that are protected under this law (Thompson, 2015). The ADA prohibits discrimination in all areas of like that pertain to public such as employment, education, transportation needs and any area that is open to the general public. The ADA recognizes a disability defined as a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits 1 or more major life activities, such as walking, talking, and caring for oneself independently. This law was put into place to protect people with any of these types of impairments and give them resources for quality of life. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Important Acts for Americans with Disabilities and Immigration Reform" essay for you Create order Before the ADA became a law, people that had disabilities throughout American were being excluded and segregated from their communities. Unfortunately, the mentality for people with disabilities was that they should be institutionalized or taken out of general public. It took several people throughout time to achieve this law to protect the disabled in America. With this law, Americans with disabilities were given resources such as handy-cap parking close to public buildings and other accessibility standards, equal medical care, community service aids and employment. The ADA enables people with disabilities to live their lives with pursuit of happiness and activity without the barriers of being shunned by their communities and government. Immigration Reform Control Act (or IRCA) of 1986 became a law in order to reduce financial burden of providing public assistance, including health care, and educational services to non-citizens in the United States. This act was also referred to as the 1986 Amnesty Act. This act made it illegal for employers to hire any person that was determined as an illegal or unauthorized immigrant. Before this law was initiated, several unauthorized immigrants were able to apply and accept legal status in the United States. Anyone that had done this before 1986 was granted amnesty, hence the name, and were allowed to stay if they had obtained documentation prior to the 1986 IRCA. Under IRCA, eligible legalized aliens may apply for permanent residency within a 1-year period after they are first eligible (Kusserow, 1990, p. 1). This act promotes assistance for people under this act be assisted with State public assistance just like any other person, with the understanding that no new programs be initiated specifically for this minority. The State may create or initiate any program to promote educational needs for eligible legalized people. Practices much like this were seen as good practice. The government conceded in organizing four categories of good practice to augment implementation of these programs and procedures under the IRCA. These four categories include guidelines for administration, systems to identify eligible legalized aliens, controls for distribution of funds, and innovated approaches to education (Kusserow, 1990). Identifying eligible legalized aliens consists of a working group for resolving issues, making sure that general services are available, and keeping accurate reporting systems while keeping a contact point that is of neutral party (Kusserow, 1990). Systems to identify eligible legalized aliens defines the use of identification numbers given to verify eligibility. Recording keeping data of ensure that people under this act have communication resources when needed. Keeping controls of distribution of funds enforces a financial threshold for eligible legalized aliens during a certain period of time, while having an automated system of disbursement of funds to each eligible person, and keeping effective communication between State agencies and operating agencies (Kusserow, 1990). Lastly, education is seen as an opportunity for these minority people to become educated, lawful permanent citizens (Kusserow, 1990). Programs designed to continue education and to provide opportunities for these individuals were put in place in attempt to help facilitate employment chances and educational chances. People rally for minorities such as Americans with disabilities and immigration reform to help achieve a better life for everyone. The importance of the laws may not seem to affect us all but they do. The United States is often referred to as the land of the free. It is this way because of people that are passion about causes such as these and are willing to fight for them to be seen under the governments eye. Because of these people that refused to be silenced, protective laws have been put in place for both.